Chapter 7 - Storing Organizational Information - Database
RELATIONAL
DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS
-
Information is everywhere in an organization
- Information is stored in databases
Ø Database – maintains information about
various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people
(employees), and places (warehouses)
-
Database models include;
Ø Hierarchical database model – information is
organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such
a way that it cannot have too many relationships
Ø
Network database model – a flexible way of representing objects and
their relationship
Ø
Relational database model – stores information in the form of logically
related two-dimensional tables
ENTITIES
AND ATTRIBUTES
- Entity – a person, place, thing,
transaction, or event about which information is stored
Ø The rows in each table contains the entities
- Attributes (fields, columns) –
characteristics or properties of an entity class
Ø The columns in each table contain the
attributes
KEYS
AND RELATIONSHIPS
- Primary keys and foreign keys identity the
various entity classes (tables) in the database
Ø Primary key – a fields (or group of fields)
that uniquely identities a given entity in a table
Ø Foreign key – a primary key of one table that
appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical
relationships among the two tables
RELATIONAL
DATABASE ADVANTAGES
- Database advantages from a business
perspective include;
Ø Increased flexibility
Ø Increased scalability and performance
Ø Reduced information redundancy
Ø Increased information integrity (quality)
Ø Increased information security
INCREASED
FLEXIBILITY
- A well-designed database should;
Ø Handle changes quickly and easily
Ø Provide users with different views
Ø Have only one physical views
§ Physical view – deals with the physical
storage of information on a storage device
Ø Have multiple logical views
§ Logical view – focuses on how users logically
access information
INCREASED
SCALABILITY AND PERFORMANCE
- A database must scale to meet increased
demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels
Ø Scalability – refers to how well a system can
adapt to increased demands
Ø Performance – measures how quickly a system
performs a certain process or transaction
REDUCED
INFORMATION REDUNDANCY
- Databases reduce information redundancy
Ø Redundancy – the duplication of information
or storing the same information in multiple places
- Inconsistency is one of the primary
problems with redundant information
INCREASED
INFORMATION SECURITY
- Information is an organization asset and
must be protected
- Databases offer several security features
including;
Ø Password – provides authentication of the
user
Ø Access level – determines who has access to
the different types of information
DATABASE
MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
- Database management systems (DBMS) –
software through which users and application programs interact with a database
DATA-DRIVEN
WEB SITES
- Data-driven Web sites – an interactive
Web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of database
DATA-DRIVEN
WEB SITE BUSINESS ADVANTAGES
- Development
- Content Management
- Future Expandability
- Minimizing Human Error
- Cutting Production and Update Costs
- More Efficient
- Improved Stability
DATA-DRIVEN
BUSINESS INTELLIGENT
- BI in a data-driven Web site
INTEGRATING
INFORMATION AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASES
- Integration – allows separate systems to
communicate directly with each other
Ø Forward integration – takes information
entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream
systems and processes
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